Food And Beverage Industry | Go Green Initiative Malaysia

Food And Beverage Industry | Go Green Initiative Malaysia The main objective of this research proposal is to discuss how the research process will be carried out on the selected topic. The topic for this research is Service Industry (Food and Beverage industry) perceptive on implementing Go Green initiative in Malaysia. This topic is chosen due to the fact that there is a limited research that applies to the Malaysian FB market. The purpose of this proposal is to shows how the actual research will be carried out on the topic. However, due to the limitation of the research, the research content will contain background analysis of green practices in Malaysia as well as in other counties. Other aspects of the research are based on demographic, attitude and behaviour of how the service industry has perceived in implementing such concept from its dimension of awareness, understanding and acceptance. By breaking down and studying these aspects, it will help to provide the actual information that is useful for the service industry players to become a sustainable FB industry and take initiative on such practices. This proposal will later discuss how this concept has been implemented in other countries. This is to develop a theoretical framework of these aspects and form a Go Green framework. This includes comparison of current implementations of Go green initiatives. Moreover, the research will also look into whether the government should enforce regulations on the FB industry for Go Green initiatives as default practices. Irrespective of industries, a business is governed with the intension of being Profitable, Sustainable, Productive and aims at achieving the highest level of customer loyalty towards their products and services. Achievements of profitability in businesses are focused more on increased revenue, lower cost of operations and higher profits. Long term growth, consistent revenue and profits, low cost of labour and resources, and being self-sufficient is the focus of businesses in terms of sustainability. Optimal usage of resources, Better utilization and optimal usage of assets are the main focus of businesses for productivity. Increased customer loyalty and increase in customer traffic are the focus of businesses for customer loyalty. In the above mentioned context, sustainability and productivity is a major impact to the FB organization to achieve positive profitability. As a result of industrys major impact, Going Green concept focuses service industry to become sustainable and productive with low cost, and optimal utilization of both assets and resources. Research Problem The idea of going green is relatively new to the food service industry in Malaysia compare to other industry sectors. This is due to the fact that there is limited industrial research and government regulations undertaken on green restaurant concept implementation and its practices in Malaysian market context. Malaysian FB industry is not a highly regulated market by the Malaysian government. Licenses to operate a FB outlet is not a combined effort of various agencies but limited to Ministry of Health and other licensing agencies. Department of environment and other agencies are generally not involved. The legislations / rules and laws of Department of environment and other related agencies are more concentrated on environment issues that are generated by commercial establishments in terms of pollution control and not green initiatives. Therefore, this research focuses on understanding and comprehension of various processes, methodologies and best practices for a Go Green framework for the food and beverage industry in Malaysia. There are two reasons that this research has carried out on this specific topic. Green related articles were already published in Malaysia. Environmental concerned green programmes have been implemented in Malaysia since many years ago. And also many articles that related to its programmes has being published in various sectors like waste management, green building, recycle policy, organic food sectors, hospitality and tourism sector, and etc. Especially in service industry perceptive, there are very limited or almost none have been published green related articles. Provided government regulations are not clearly specify for service industry. There available data like environmental education, green building index, green technology guidelines and process, however, there are no clear information that are stated for service industry to follow. Appendix 1 shows that industry commitment in Green initiative has increased from 2008 to 2009, thus research was analyzed by restaurant industry forecast, 2010. However, such kind of focus has not been done in Malaysia restaurant industry. These shows that service industry in Malaysia has very limited research that give clear information on Go green implementation. From this research, industry will benefit the actual information of industry players perceptive and the best suitable framework of Go green implementation in Malaysian market context. Research Objective To measure the degrees of industry awareness towards the green restaurant concept in Malaysia market context. To identify and understand existing knowledge of green restaurant concept among Malaysia market. To discover the market acceptance ability of green restaurant concept. Develop a framework for the industry to accept Go Green concept to be implemented for long term sustainability. Objectives of the research aim to understand the used of Go green concept in service industry. This is due to limited research has not been done in this particular study area in Malaysia. The outcome of the research will not only benefits to the industry players but also will give a clear framework of how industry can sustain by developing this idea. Therefore, the research will carry out to investigate how industry perceived and identify needs of framework to implement the concept. Research Questions How good is the industry player aware of a green restaurant concept? What is their understanding of the Green restaurant concept, and what is their current contribution towards going green? What is their existing methods or processes of having a sustainable business? Is the Malaysian Food and beverage market willing to accept green restaurant concept practises? Is the food and beverage industry acceptable for the Go green initiatives to be a government regulation? Literature Review Definition Go Green or Going Green is a concerned with the protection of the environment (Oxford Advanced learners Dictionary, 2000); steps to conserve energy, reduce pollution and save money (The U.S. Chamber of commerce Small Business Nation). Tauxe.C.S (2009) mentioned that green practices as a cost-saving response to the effect of high energy prices on operations and on supply and distribution chains, and these measures are valued first in terms of efficiency gains. In restaurant industry, green restaurants may be defined as new or renovated structures designed, constructed, operated, and demolished in an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient manner (Lorenzini 1994, 119) cited by Hu.H.H, Parsa.H.G and Self.J, 2010. In Union for reform Judaism (2010) stated that going green defines as the activity of adding sustainability principles and considerations into the planning process of an event or organizational or personal lifestyle. According to Ministry for the environment of New Zealand defines a sustainable industry as an industry that anticipates economic, environmental and social trends to minimise risk and takes opportunities to improve comparative advantage. A research of Schubert.F (2008) mentioned that companies across all sectors try to develop products and practices with minimized environmental effect as part of social responsible practices, but also in order to establish themselves in a new niche for consumers with environmental concerns this is also true for the hospitality and tourism industry where businesses often rely on the integrity of the environment. Hotels located in natural areas such as mountains or beaches for example, are especially dependent on the healthiness of their sites, and therefore some have been engaging in green practices and eco-tourism for several years. Restaurants however, are often less dependent to such environmental factors and have therefore shown less care for these issues. Areas of green practices Green restaurant association (GRA) explained that fully transformed green restaurant provides a comprehensive and user-friendly method of rewarding existing restaurants foodservices operations, new builds, and events with points in each of the green restaurant associations seven environmental categories. Seven categories which compiled with water efficiency, waste reduction and recycling, sustainable furnishings and building materials, sustainable food, energy, disposables, and chemical and pollution reduction. Hence, the restaurant who are pursuing for becoming fully integrated green restaurant from GRA are also require to use products like- chlorine-free paper products, nontoxic cleaning and chemical products, renewable power, and green building and construction (Wallace.A, 2005). One of the most popular going green concepts is done by practicing the 3R principle which is by reducing, reusing, and recycling the resources used, using organic products, and installing equipments with green technology. In the restaurant industry, small daily savings often make the difference between long-term profit and loss (Restaurant waste minimization guidebook, State of Hawaii). In addition, a restaurants costs go up when it installs pricey equipment to make its operation more sustainable and pay extra to source ingredients that meet sustainability standards (Going Green: Will Customers Notice? 2010). Furthermore, Schubert.F (2008) highlighted that the details of creating an Environmentally Sustainable Restaurant Industry- Green restaurant association (GRA) has also provides guideline for the following areas: Energy Efficiency Conservation: Energy efficient technologies and conservation practices exist for lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, foodservice appliances, office equipment and transportation. Water Efficiency Conservation: Water efficient technologies and conservation practices exist for foodservice appliances, equipment, and landscaping. Recycling Composting: Recycling services exist for many waste products such as glass, plastic, metal, cardboard, mixed paper, grease, ink toner cartridge. Food waste can be diverted from landfills and made into nutrient-rich soil through the use of a composting service or an on-site system. Sustainable Food: Sustainable food products support the long-term maintenance of ecosystem and agriculture for future generations. Organic agriculture prohibits the use of toxic synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, irradiation, sewage sludge, and genetic engineering. Locally grown food reduce the amount of pollution associated with transportation primarily by fossil fuels. Plant-based food require fewer natural resources and create less pollution per calorie consumed. Pollution Prevention: Pollution prevention is achieved through source reduction, reuse, or improving operational practices. Recycled, Tree-free, Biodegradable Organic Products: Recycled products are made from materials that are collected from post-consumer or post-industrial waste sources. Tree-free products are made from alternative plant sources such as hemp or knead. Biodegradable products are capable of being decomposed by biological agents, especially bacterial. Organic products are grown without the use of toxic synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, irradiation, sewage sludge, and genetic engineering. Chlorine-Free Paper Products: Chlorine-free paper products are unbleached or whitened with alternatives such as hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, and ozone. Non-toxic Cleaning Chemical Products: Non-toxic cleaning and chemical products are biodegradable, free of hazardous ingredients, and are safe for people, animals and environment when used properly. Green Power: Electricity and power is available from renewable resources such as wind, solar, geothermal, small hydro and biomass. These energy sources cause dramatically less air pollution and environmental damage compared to fossil fuel, nuclear, and large-scale hydroelectric energy sources. Green Building Construction: Green design and construction practices significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment, occupants, and the local community. Education: Education of staff on the environmental impact of the restaurant industry and a path toward ecological sustainability. Benefit of Go Green Publicity The GRA and its certified green restaurants have been featured in the following media outlets: NBC Nightly News, The Wall Street Journal, Time Magazine, CNN, The Washington Post, The New York Times, National Public Radio (NPR) and etc (Green Restaurant Association). Cut costs In dine-green website mentioned that some restaurants that are green certified save thousands of dollars each year, and through the help of the GRAs consultants, are able to access rebates, incentives and other money saving programs. Improve staff productivity and morale Staff awareness of going green due to the fact that the industry is currently run by young entrepreneurs who are aware of the environmental issues. GRA have reported that staff productivity and morale increase upon their certification. Restaurant employees have demonstrated that they want to work for businesses that are making real, credible and transparent environmental changes. Being a part of the solution to our worlds environmental problems goes a long way in gaining a restaurant employees loyalty. (Green Restaurant Association) Increase in new customers and customer loyalty Eating out has always been considered a splurge or extravagance in the average Americans budget. The growing trend in restaurant dining is that consumers want to feel as if they have done something good, other than just having nice meal. This fact alone can drive in new customers and create loyal ones. (Green Restaurant Association) Stay ahead of legislation Environmental legislation for restaurants is sweeping across the world, from plastic bag and Styrofoam bands, to recycling mandates. More and more cities are in the process of either considering or passing legislation relating to matters of restaurants and the environment. Because Certified Green restaurants have already completed these important environmental changes voluntarily, when legislation strikes, the GRAs restaurants are able to continue running their businesses while their competitors are scrambling to comply with the latest mandates. (Green Restaurant Association) Industry perception of Go Green According to Oxford Dictionary for the Business World (1993), perception is an intuitive recognition of and an aesthetic quality; a way of seeing, understanding. Perception is the terms used to cover those processes, which gives coherence, unity and meaning to a persons sensory input. It involves all those processes we use to select, sort, organise and interpret sensory data to make meaningful and coherent picture of our world (Rice, 1993). cited by Ramli.K. I, Yusof.N.S Mohamed.M.B.HJ (2004). A frequent research by Hu.H.H, Parsa.H.G and Self.J (2010) said that knowledge of sustainable restaurant operation is an important determinant of intention to patronize a green restaurant. Although a restaurants costs go up when it installs pricey equipment to make its operation more sustainable and pays extra to source ingredients that meet sustainability standard (Going Green: Will Customers Notice? 2010), restaurant can easily make up these costs (Carley.N, 2010). For example, A restaurant that installs a $60 spray valve that release a maximum of 1.28 gallons per minute, compared to regular valves that release 2 gallons to 6 gallons per minute, can save $500 or more a year in water bill. Research Conceptual Framework Perception Awareness Understanding Acceptance Go Green Framework Awareness of going green The following are some points that will be made during the awareness stage. Awareness of the businesses on the green initiatives, Availability of information for these businesses about going green Understating green objectives The following are some points that will be made during the understanding stage. Existing knowledge on going green Knowledge on the impact of the current environment on not going green. Knowledge on how they can be profitable and have a sustainable business by going green Acceptance of going green The following are some points that will be made during the acceptance stage. Weather they are willing to invest in going green initiatives Participation in going green by changing business processes Investments into resources to go green Methodology Methodology of this research will be used base on the primary data and secondary data. Primary data will be collected by using survey questionnaires to the restaurant managers and owners around Kuala Lumpur. Secondary data will be gathered from the relevant academic journals, books, published magazines and articles, and also internet sources. Basically, the survey questionnaires will be distributed to three different types of restaurant such as: fast food restaurants, casual dining restaurants and semi-fine dining or fine dining restaurants. Approximately 30 survey questionnaires will be distributed as sample. The questionnaires will be demonstrated in demographic, attitude and behaviour study on each type of restaurants. This is to ensure there is a balance in different types of service restaurants owner perceptive on Go green concept implementations in Malaysia. The outcome of this survey will give better understanding on how restaurant owners aware and deep analysis of their understanding on this concept. And also it will help to indicate the best options of practices needed for the Malaysian market context. Secondary data will be collected from academic journals, books, relevant magazines and articles, and internet sources. This will enhance the better understanding on theoretical framework of Go green concept practices. In additionally, local government data and non-government organisation data will also include in this research. This is to clarify such concept has been performed in other industry sector as well as to identify the availability of Green supply chain in Malaysia. From above mention data collections, this research will shows industry perceptive on implementing Go green concept and it will also show the best options of practices for Malaysia market which may or may not be an exact practices to compare to other country. Project Timeline Weeks Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Introduction Literature Review Distributing survey Findings Conclusion Submission of Draft References Hu.H.H, Parsa.H.G Self John (2010), The Dynamics of Green Restaurant Patronage, Cornell University, vol.51 Issue.3, pp. 334-362. Schubert.F (2008), Exploring and Predicting Consumers Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Green Restaurants, The Ohio State University. Tauxe.C.S (2009), Shades of Green: Discursive Plurality in the Public Conversation on Sustainability, Green Theory Praxis: The Journal of Ecopedagogy, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 14 25. Wallace.A (2005), Creating a Sustainable Restaurant Industry with the Green Restaurant Association. Going Green: Will Customers Notice?'(2010), Observer: Restaurant Hospitality, pp.20. Carley.N (2010), Going Green in many ways, Community: Franchise Focus, pp. 26. Ramli.K. I, Yusof.N.S Mohamed.M.B.HJ (2004) Measuring Service Quality in Gourmet Coffee Restaurants in Penang, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Restaurant Waste Minimization Guidebook, State Hawaii, Department of Health and Environmental Health Administration. Conserve Solutions for Sustainability (2010), Greener Restaurants à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Wehmeier.S (2000) , Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 6th edn. Great Britain, Oxford University Press. pp.590. Six Reasons to Become a Certified Green Restaurant à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, Green Restaurant Association http://www.dinegreen.com/restaurants/benefits.asp [ACCESSED ON 1st November 2010] What Is Going Green?, U.S. Chamber of Commerce Small Business Nation http://www.uschambersmallbusinessnation.com/toolkits/guide/P15_1001 [ACCESSED ON 18th November 2010) Green Glossary: Greening/Going Green, Union for Reform Judaism http://urj.org/green/101/glossary/ [ACCESSED ON 18 th November 2010] hat is a sustainable industry?, Ministry for the Environment Manatu Mo Te Taiao http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/sustainable-industry/ [ACCESSED ON 18 th November 2010] Appendixes Walt Disneys Leadership Style | Essay Walt Disneys Leadership Style | Essay Whenever people interact in the organization, many factors come into play towards improving an organizations effectiveness. There are factors that influence the behavior of the employees in any organization. Behaviors such i.e. commitment, cooperation, satisfaction, decision-making, motivation, competitiveness, turnover à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Etc, all impacts greatly the effectiveness of any organization. Leadership has sometimes been described as taking people to a place that they would not normally go to on their own. Once a sound strategic planning process has determined what that place should be it is the leaders prime and fundamental responsibility to assure that there is cultural alignment with the vision and that the full resources of the organization are effectively brought to bear to achieve that destination. These definitions tell us that leadership is a way of focusing motivating a group to enable them to achieve their aims. The leaders influence is non-coercive, which means that followers must consent to be influenced, which lead to that leadership is conferred from below, not above as leadership. Also leadership is a goal-directed activity. Followers consent to a leader exercising influence with a view to achieving something. This research would be a great opportunity for the researcher to get a better knowledge about the leaders influence on people and guided through their Endeavour to achieve organization objective. This report is about one of the most famous leaders whos name is known by everyone since childhood. This leader has created one of the leading entertainment businesses in the world. Walt Disney is the founder of Walt Disney Production which had a famous influence in the entertainment field in the 20th century. This report will analyze Mr. Walt Disneys leadership qualities and style. The report starts with a literature review on leadership, Walt Disney biography, his leadership qualities and styles, comments on his style and a conclusion to sum up the finding. The purpose of this study is to: To study the literature on leadership styles in organizations. To analysis the style and the role of leadership of Walt Disney and its effectiveness in reaching the organization objectives. To draw conclusions of what lessons we learn from Walt Disney case about leadership. Review of Literature Leadership is the process of influencing others to work willingly and to the best of their capabilities towards the goals of the leader. (Gallagher, K, Rose, E, McClelland, B, Reynolds, J and Tombs, S, 1997, P527) The word leadership has two common uses meanings: (A) It can be used to describe a process, in which non-coercive influence is used to direct and coordinate the activities of a group toward its objectives. (Rollinson, Broadfield, Edaward 1998). (B) To express the idea that follower perceives that a person has certain attributes or characteristics which enable him or her to exert influence over them (Rollinson, Broadfield, Edaward 1998). In modern society the words of leader and leadership carry a great deal of prestige. Thus many managers lay claim to being leaders, and some probably believe the position they occupy confer the mantle of leadership upon them. It is important to examine whether leadership and management are synonymous; are they, for example, just different words that express the same idea? The success of any group in any organization can be challenged by the effectiveness of the leader and his/her leadership qualities, knowledge leadership style. Leaders can be found in any group by default. Groups they tend to have leaders, and it belief that leadership is one of the -if not the most important- factors which determines whether a group, an organization, or even a nation will be successful granted a degree of power to influence subordinate behavior. An important leadership role is to manage and lead so the Leaders make speeches, produce written communications, listen and chat to colleagues, observe and respond to the needs and otherwise communicate for most their time in the organization. Leaders also interact with the external environment, with suppliers, markets, even competitors. What is more, leaders communicate in far more than words. For example leadership uses symbolic communication as part of a change management strategy. In a simple context, in organizations we can view leadership in: that the employees are willing to work in a more committed way with someone they view as a leader. The important of leadership Leadership is a concern for all of us. (We all share in the responsibility to contribute effectively.) Leadership is viewed and valued differently by various disciplines and cultures. (A multi-disciplinary approach gives better understanding of leadership.) Conventional views of leadership are changing. (The rapid pace of change requires new ways of relating to problems.) Leadership can be exhibited in many ways. (It is adapted to varying situations.) Leadership qualities and skills can be learned and developed. (Leaders are made, not born.) Leadership committed to ethical action is needed to encourage change and social responsibility. (Leaders must apply the highest possible standards of ethical conduct.) Leaders vs. Managers It is an important to the researcher to understand and defined the leader in the chosen Organization. Thus, to understanding the different between the manager and the leaders will help to focus in the right person once the interview taking place. Managers usually have goals or objective to achieve, and are expected to do this by the appropriate use of resources at their disposal. So mangers tend to adopt impersonal or passive attitudes towards goals. In order to get people to accept solutions, the manager needs continually to co-ordinate and balance in order to compromise conflicting values. In relationship with other people, managers maintain a low level of emotional involvement. Managers see themselves more as conservators and regulators of the existing order of affairs with which they identify, and from which they gain rewards. Leaders, they adopt a more personal and active attitude towards goals. Leader creates excitement in work and develops choices that give substance to images that excite people. Leaders have empathy with other people and give attention to what events and actions mean. Leader work in but dont belong to, the organization. Their sense of identity doesnt depend upon membership or work roles and they search out opportunities of change. So the important to organization come in a leader can have a strong influence on the behavior and performance of group members. While influence is a form of power, it is much more subtle from control than the naked use authority. Where leadership is exercised, followers willingly their own subordination, and because the whole situation is partly their idea they are more likely to be committed to performing well. Leadership Styles Leadership Styles is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people, there are normally three styles of leadership: Authoritarian or autocratic: when leaders sets directions and motivate people by reward and punishment. Predicative or democratic: when people are involved in decision making and leaders become more relation oriented. Delegative or free Reigan: when leaders delegate powers and people are more responsible. Walt Disney Biography: Walter Elias Disney is an American business leader who brought to the world the most famous entertainment companies in 20th century. He was born on  December 5, 1901 in Illinois in Chicago in USA. His dream started when he loved drawing while he used to live in a farm and worked in selling candies and newspapers. After his coming back from the World War I in France, he worked at the Pesemen-Rubin Art Studio. Walter met Ubbe Iwwerks and they put up their own company Iwerks- Disney in 1920. The company collapsed eventually and they moved to work with Kansas City Film Ad. In 1922, he formed Laugh-O-Gram Films where he produced short cartoons and started producing Alices Wonderland. Before ending his production of Alices Wonderland, his company got bankrupt and he moved to Hollywood seeking direction job with no luck. He convinced his brother to finance the new company, Disney Brothers, and hired more people in 1925. The big success happened when they created Mickey Mouse which was his popular cartoon character and Disney regained from the loss of the Oswald character rights and his staff in 1928. He even got an Academy Award in 1932. Disney did well in the 1930s especially when he started producing full length features such as now White and the Seven Dwarfs and The Three Little Pigs. However, he faced a big break during the World War II. In the late 1940s, he start recovering when he start using Technicolor and sound scores in his work. In that period he started his vision for an amusement park which came true 1955. Walter Disney died in 1966 of lung cancer. His brother continued his dream and opened the Magic Kingdom in 1971. Walt Disney Achievements: Walt Disney is one of the largest media corporations worldwide. It is publicly traded in the New York Stock Exchange. The company has four main divisions: studio entertainment, media networks, parks and resorts and consumer products. The company owns ABC TV network, broadcast TV stations and lots of radio stations. The studio entertainment movies produced by Disney represent the meaning of family entertainment. Mickey Mouse, Snow White, the Seven Dwarfs, etc. are famous movies created by Disney and become legends for every kids and even adults. Disney Parks and Resorts is the place when you find all Disney characters. The company owns eleven theme parks in three continental, operates 35 resorts and two cruise ships. Disneys media network has arms in television, radio and internet industries. It includes television networks (ABC), radio channels, TV shows, etc. Disney consumer products started in 1929 which is mainly different products represent Disney characters in different sectors such as food beverages, toys, home dà ©cor, books, electronics, interactive games, fine arts, etc. Walt Disney Leadership Analysis: Walter Disney was so ambitious and enthusiasm to make his dream and the drop-backs he faced didnt stop him putting more effort into it. He was hard worker, visionary and devoted. As being creative is one of the main success factors in such businesses. Therefore, Walter had a passion in developing talents through training were he used to have evening classes for employees. He was a risk taker and a hands-on leader. He never stopped dreaming and never stopped trying pursuing his dreams. Since his start, he didnt stop working hard toward his goal even after many break downs happened to him in his early start. Walter was more relationship oriented as he cares a lot about his employees. He used to know each one by name and insist to call him with his first name Walter. He tried to make everyone happy and had a strong commitment to his employees. His main traits which helped him to be successful are: perseverance, passionate, dreamer, and highly imaginative and creative. These traits kept him focused in achieving his vision. Being in the entertainment business, these traits are the best suitable for him to be a leader in this area. He is also a risk taker and has courage to accept changes even with high risk. As he struggled in his early life with the bankruptcy of his early ventures, he still kept focused and took further steps to achieve his goals. He didnt change his career bath as result of the bankruptcy. Instead, he kept focused on his dream and believes as he saw an opportunity a head. He also changed with the new technologies and use technology as a way to be innovative. Walt Disney said When you believe in a thing, believe in it all the way, implicitly and unquestionable. This quotation describes his hard effort to achieve his dream. As a leader, he tried his best to have good relation with his employees. He worked closely with everyone in his company. He was willing to help employees to learn about animation. He pushed his employees to attend art school at his expense. This helped improving the quality of the work. Such attitude from Walter helped gaining the loyalty of his employees and increases their enthusiasm. He motivates people by sharing his ideas and concerns. He created a work environment where all work to gather in all business aspects. All discussion above shows how Walter communicated his vision and dreams to his employees. He was motivating them by involving them in his dream. He showed them the big picture and described his vision to them. They followed his lead with high enthusiasm to achieve his goals. Disney as a company continued toward success even after his death in 1965 and is considered one of the largest entertainment companies around the world. Mr. Walter is classified as transformational leader who influence people to follow him by his charisma. His way of dealing with people created trust, commitment and loyalty of followers which helped in achieving organizational goals and make dreams come true. Mr. Walter said: Disneyland will never be completed. It will continue to grow as long as there is imagination left in the world. This keeps Disney moving forward and keeps it successful. Disney has the characteristics of transformational leaders of being idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration and inspiration motivation. These factors describe his charisma which made him a successful leader. Conclusion: How to manage people become the largest challenges in any organization and is the focus of researchers. Lots of theories have been found to describe different attitudes, behaviors and management practices in organizations and development in this science will never end. As long as people are the key driver of organizations success, managing them will be the first step to achieve goals. As long as there are different people working together, there must be managers who direct them toward achieving organizational goals. Managers guide people to do their work and instruct them in order to reach the organization goals. Managers have specific knowledge and skills to do so and follow lots of techniques to motivate people to follow their orders. Some managers become leaders who capture peoples willingness to follow them. Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things is a famous quote by Peter F. Drucker that distinguish between managers and leaders. This case shows that leaders have strong impact on people where they become followers rather than subordinates. Followers are inspired by their leaders to do their work. Napoleon Bonaparte quoted: a leader is a dealer in hope. This can explain the willingness of people to follow them. People believe on their leaders which motivate them to follow them. Its a common sense that people will do thing better if they are willing to do it rather than forced to do it. Walter Disney case shows how leadership makes difference. It also shows how people are inspired by leaders and how they willingness follow leaders. Disney being a transformational leader gained peoples respect and become a loved person. How he involves his staff in his work kept people committed even after his death. His company still successful and his visions are followed till date. People use his quotes as inspiring quotations to motivate others. He said: If you can dream it, you can do it. He also said: All the adversity, Ive in my life, all my troubles and obstacles have strengthened meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You may not realized it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing in the world for you. People are driven till now by his vision and still willing to follow his lead after his death. He put his fingerprint in all peoples heart. His dream become true and he is an evidence of how leadership important and how it makes differences.

Health Needs Assessment Process Health And Social Care Essay

Public wellness is concerned with the local population ‘s wellness and takes into consideration the economic, societal and environmental factors of both communities and persons. Health visitants clearly have a major portion to play in the function of public wellness, which has become a high precedence over the last decennary ( Cowley, 2008 ) . There has clearly been a move off from a medical theoretical account towards a societal theoretical account of attention which requires wellness visitants to hold specialised accomplishments and cognition in order to measure a household holistically. Through a wellness needs appraisal, the wellness visitant can place the demands of a population and so concentrate on an intercession that would profit the population ‘s unmet demands ( Peterson and Alexander 2001 ) . The purpose of this assignment will be to place, utilizing the wellness needs assessment procedure, an issue that needs readdressing. The identified wellness demand will be analysed and so a service or intercession will be created in order to cut down wellness inequalities and better wellness ( Health Development Agency 2004 ) . The National Institute for Clinical Excellence ( Cavanagh & A ; Chadwick, 2005 ) provides an in deepness model to follow which will assist to turn to the chosen wellness demand. Using the model, and a combination of grounds taken from epidemiology and theory, will heighten the determination devising procedure. The population chosen to concentrate on will be female parents who suffer from postpartum depression. A population can be geographical, a client group or people with peculiar wellness jobs ( Calman, 1999 ) . The appraisal will look at the demands of these female parents. The chief purpose will be to supply an intercession that reduces the strength of the unwellness and the figure of female parents enduring from postpartum depression. The principle for taking this population is that postpartum depression can be seen as a important public wellness job ( Sharp et al, 2010 ) . It can besides hold a important negative impact on the lives of the female parents, their babes and their households. Beck ( 2006 ) writes how postpartum depression is, ‘ †¦ a serious temper upset that can stultify a adult female ‘s first few months as a new female parent. ‘ There appears to be a deficiency of services available for female parents with postpartum depression and we need to see, ‘Is there any point in placing adult females with PND if we have no services to offer them? ‘ Public wellness is defined in the Acheson study as, ‘the scientific discipline and art of forestalling disease, protracting life and advancing wellness through the organized attempts of society. ‘ ( Acheson, 1988 ) . This definition clearly reflects the indispensable focal point of today ‘s public wellness. Ten old ages subsequently Acheson completed a farther study which looked at inequalities in wellness ( Acheson 1998 ) . Both these studies have been the development and consequence of many public wellness associated paperss. Oliver and Nutheam ( 2003 ) point out that these new authorities policies have been developed to ‘explicitly turn to bing wellness inequalities, ‘ following the election of the new Labour authorities in 1997. Health publicity can be seen as a comprehensive political and societal method. It is non merely aimed at bettering an person ‘s capablenesss and accomplishments, but besides looking at doing alterations to environmental, societal and economic issues in order to cut down their impact on both single and public wellness ( WHO, 1998 ) . Mitcheson ( 2008 ) suggests that wellness publicity is about assisting people to hold the capablenesss and resources to take control of and better their wellness demands. A phrase by Milio, ( 1986 ) , suitably sums up wellness publicity by stating ; ‘Making the healthy pick the easier pick. ‘ Acheson ( 1998 ) negotiations about the ‘upstream ‘ and ‘downstream ‘ public wellness schemes in which wellness publicity can be seen as an upstream attack, concentrating on preventive steps. As wellness publicity is reasonably complex, there are a figure of different wellness publicity approaches that can be used. The pick of attack can depend on the wellness need assessment and the purposes ( Ewles & A ; Simnett, 2003 ) . Models, which are a type of theoretical model, can be utile for planning, implementing and measuring intercessions. The wellness publicity theoretical account is defined by Naidoo & A ; Wills ( 2000 ) , as ‘ †¦ .a manner of associating thoughts and demoing the relationship between theory and pattern. ‘ There have been a assortment of different writers that have produced theoretical accounts for wellness demands appraisals such as Tones and Green, 2004 ( wellness belief theoretical account ) and Tones and Tilford, 2001, ( wellness action theoretical account ) . Roden ( 2004 ) criticises the wellness belief theoretical account by stating that it focuses on a medical attack to wellness publicity instead than a holistic position. A series of paperss and documents on wellness and wellbeing, have emerged from the Department of Health and other associated authorities sections. Several of these paperss highlight the importance of the function of the wellness visitant for advancing mental wellness. Initially in 1997, The New NHS ; Modern, Dependable ( DoH, 1997 ) , this focuses on the authorities ‘s vision to do the necessary alterations to better and undertake sick wellness and inequalities. Other paperss that are comparative to this assignment include: The NHS Plan: Switching the balance of power ( DoH, 2000 ) , Making a Difference ( DoH, 1999a ) , Our Health, Our Care, Our Say ( DoH, 2006 ) , Choosing Health ( DoH, 2004 ) , Report of the Chief Medical Officer ‘s Undertaking to Strengthen the Public Health Function, ( DoH, 2001 ) , Salvaging Lifes: Our Healthier Nation ( DoH, 1999b ) , discusses the demand to diminish the hazards associated with different mental unwellnesss and besides highlights the effects of depression on both the female parent and kid. Every Child Matters ( DfES, 2004 ) and Procuring Good Health for the Population ( Wanless, 2004 ) . A definition that reflects authorities policy has been provided by Wanless as, ‘the scientific discipline and art of forestalling disease, protracting life and advancing wellness through the organized attempts and informed picks of society, administrations, public and private communities and persons, ‘ ( Wanless 2004, p.3. ) . This definition appears to be more appropriate for the twenty-first century as it puts more accent on the joint attempts of persons, the province of their ain wellness and besides their households ‘ . The definition besides has the extra construct of informed pick and duty for administrations to work collaboratively in order to advance public wellness. This can be seen as a manner of authorising communities. It can be seen that persons, communities and all wellness professionals have a portion to play in public wellness publicity, bar of sick wellness and wellness protection. These are indispensable demands for the function of the wellness visitant. The Standards for Proficiency for the specializer community public wellness nurse ( NMC, 2004 ) and the wellness sing rules defined in the, Council for the Education and Training of Health Visitors ( CETHV, 1977 ) , place the four chief spheres that define the needed proficiencies. These are: ‘the hunt for wellness demands, influence on policies impacting wellness, facilitation of wellness heightening activities and the stimulation of the consciousness of wellness demands. ‘ From these rules, and including the 10 occupational criterions for public wellness ( Prime R & A ; D Ltd for Skills for Health 2003 ) , it can be seen that overall the purpose is to advance and protect the wellness of the population. Health visitants have ever had an of import function to play in the publicity of public wellness in the community. Over the old ages, the Numberss of wellness visitants has declined. The public wellness curate, Anne Milton ( 2010 ) , admits the profession ‘has been eroded dramatically over the past decennary. ‘ Since the study of the decease of Victoria Climbie ( Laming, 2003 ) , and aboard this the new Children ‘s Act ( 2004 ) there has been acknowledgment of the difference that wellness visitants can do. This has had a considerable consequence on the wellness visitants ‘ function. Health visitants are seen as cardinal confederates in primary attention for implementing new statute law and bettering results for the immature and vulnerable. However Thornhurst ( 2009 ) , writes how the wellness visitants ‘ function has become so centred around kid protection that there is now less clip for them to work in the community, deciding the societal issues that co ntribute to the kid protection instances. This appears to be a go oning public wellness argument. Prior to doing any alterations to better wellness, we need to get down by happening out what the wellness demands are and how, within a population, they can be assessed. Health needs appraisal is defined by Wright et Al ( 2006 ) , as ‘ †¦ . a systematic method of placing unmet wellness and wellness attention demands of a population and doing alterations to run into these unmet demands. ‘ The purpose of the wellness demands appraisal is to look at current informations and information gathered from different beginnings. The information will so be analysed to find any alterations that may necessitate to be made in order to run into the identified wellness demand. It besides involves a assortment of professionals every bit good as the general populace ( Haughley, 2008 ) . Decisions will be made in order to accomplish good results for the population ; resources available will necessitate to be considered. A needs appraisal can assist with doing determinations. The Nationa l Institution for Clinical Excellence ( NICE, 2005 ) provides a model that is robust and it provides systematic cues to steer you through the wellness needs assessment procedure.The model was produced by Cananagh and Chadwick, ( 2005 ) . One of the strengths of the model is that it ‘s an easy and simple procedure to follow ( Coverdale and Lancaster, 2006 ) . This model should non be used entirely but in concurrence with other theoretical accounts as this will assist steer practicians through the procedure. Haughey ( 2008 ) describes the wellness needs appraisal as a manner of garnering parts in order to finish a ‘jigsaw. ‘ The essay will now see the chosen population within the writer ‘s country of pattern and a wellness needs appraisal will follow. Through observation in pattern, it is clear that the wellness visitant is good placed to place any early symptoms of postpartum depression ( DOH, 2003 ) . The National Service Framework for Mental Health ( DOH, 1999c ) recommends that wellness visitants need to utilize their everyday visits for accessing postpartum depression and for handling the identified milder instances. However, recent research suggests that due to cuts in the Numberss of wellness visitants and the deficiency of clip available to go to excess preparation for measuring depression and psychological support attacks, most wellness visitants are unable to to the full back up down female parents ( Brugha et al, 2010 ) . Despite the well known grounds to demo the impact of postpartum depression on the female parent and her household every bit good as the long term impact on the babe, less than 50 % of station natal instances are indentified. A qualitative reappraisal of 40 surveies revealed that a adult females ‘s inability to uncover their existent feelings proved to be a general barrier for seeking aid ( Dennis & A ; Chung-Lee, 2006 ) . Beck, ( 2006 ) writes how wellness practicians fail to observe postpartum depression as they ‘do n't cognize what to look for. He besides suggests that female parents frequently hide their depression. For the instances where postpartum depression is identified, there appears to be a deficiency of services to back up them ( Hewitt et al, 2009 ) . Raising consciousness of the demand to place and back up female parents with postpartum depression includes the function of the SCPHN and is besides highlighted in the public wellness definition. Epidemiology is the survey of diseases of populations and is a major scientific discipline that underpins public wellness. Epidemiology allows us to understand diseases and the causes, place groups that are peculiarly affected and understand the effectivity of intercessions for undertaking identified jobs ( Heller et al, 2001 ) . Epidemiology of postpartum depression appears to be ill understood. Up to day of the month official national figures for postpartum depression have proved hard to garner and the information that is available gives conflicting figures. There is a certain sum of statistical grounds around the prevalence of mental unwellness but a limited sum of statistics that focus on postpartum depression. The information that will be used for the intent of this paper and which has been most often quoted, has been sourced from the NHS ( 2009 ) , which suggests that 1 in 10 adult females will endure from postpartum depression and MIND ( 2008 ) which besides suggests 1 in 10 a dult females, the NICE guidelines ( 2006 ) and the NSF – MH figures ( DOH, 2007c ) , show a prevalence of 10-15 % of adult females with postpartum depression. In England and Wales, this is between 64,000 and 94,000 adult females a twelvemonth. Health visitants are unable to name postpartum depression, if they detect, utilizing a scope of showing tools, or recognize marks and symptoms of station natal depression so this information can be recorded in the female parent ‘s maternal wellness subdivision. No caseload informations can be collected to demo the prevalence or badness of postpartum depression. A diagnosing will trust on the female parent taking to go to an assignment with her G.P.. Following a meeting with one of the local G.P.s, in the writer ‘s country of work it was discovered that the primary attention databases that G.P.s usage have a assortment of ‘read codifications ‘ to separate diagnosings and symptoms, nevertheless the read codification that high spots postpartum depression requires the G.P. to travel on and finish a drawn-out questionnaire with the female parent. For a female parent with postpartum depression this might intend that the G.P.s are taking other read codifications, for illustration, anxiousness where no questionnaire is required. This could be seen as a possible barrier for placing female parents with postpartum depression. Many wellness visitants do non hold entree to the G.P.s notes. If a female parent has seen her GP and postpartum depression has been identified so unless there is good communicating between the GP and the wellness visitant the female parent may be left without the full aid and support that she may necessitate. Postnatal depression will hold the same characteristic symptoms as clinical depression, such as weepiness, loss of enjoyment in life, low temper, loss of assurance, kiping jobs, feelings of guilt, self blame and sometimes self-destructive ideas. For a diagnosings to be made three or more of these symptoms ( which have persisted for at least two hebdomads ) will be identified ( Davies, 2000 ) . There does non look to be a individual cause of postpartum depression, some experts consider it is due to hormonal alterations whilst others suggest a combination of psychological and societal factors ( Clinical cognition sum-ups, 2010 ) . Postnatal depression usually develops during the first three postpartum months ( Cox et al, 1993 ) . Research shows that for the female parent, PND has considerable wellness deductions, it can besides consequence her long term relationships, have an inauspicious consequence on the male parents and perchance the remainder of the household ( Stein et al 2008 ) . There is besides significant research grounds to demo that the effects on the babe can include disturbed forms of communicating, expose unresponsive or retreat behavior and longer term damages in cognitive and emotional development ( Meredith & A ; Noller, 2003 ) . Following the grounds, prevalence and the possible major wellness deductions of postpartum depression, the accent sited by NICE for the demand of early designation, diagnosing and intervention of postpartum intervention, during both the antenatal and postpartum period appears to be wholly justifiable ( NICE, 2007a ) . The most recent comprehensive reappraisal on identifying and measuring methods used to place PND was by NICE ( 2007b ) . Following this reappraisal, clinical counsel was produced on the direction of antenatal and postpartum mental wellness. Designation of adult females with postpartum depression may hold already been completed during an prenatal visit. During a visit a female parent can be asked about her history and if she has experienced any old episodes of depression. However, due to the deficit of wellness visitants, heavy work load and because of other committednesss, it may be that non all female parents are seen for prenatal assignments, ( Shakespeare, 2001 ) . Holocene and up to day of the month research continues to corroborate the effectivity of the function of wellness visitants in cut downing postpartum depression ( Brugha et al, 2010 ) . The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a client centred attack that helps to bring out postpartum depression in female parents tha t might otherwise travel undetected. It uses a ego coverage, 10-item questionnaire that focuses on how the female parent felt the old hebdomad. A mark of 12 or over is considered ‘probable depression ‘ , whilst a lower mark of 9/10 suggests ‘possible depression, ‘ ( Cox et al, 1987 ) . Following a recent survey to place methods for accessing postpartum depression, the EPDS was the most often explored, simple, precise, safe and preferable cost-efficient tool ( Hewitt et al, 2009 ) . The Community Practitioners and Health Visitors ‘ Association recommends that along with the EPDS, the wellness visitant besides needs to include her ain clinical appraisal. A late published qualitative survey by Slade et. Al. ( 2010 ) , reports how ‘symptom designation ‘ through the usage of the EPDS has helped adult females to see that the wellness visitant is ‘there for them, ‘ every bit good as the babe. However one of the ascertained negative issu es sing the EPDS is that adult females from other civilizations have troubles understanding and make fulling in the questionnaire, even though there are some EPDS sheets translated into other linguistic communications. ‘Depression ‘ is non ever culturally recognised in other states ( Barclay & A ; Kent 1998 ) . Once a female parent has been identified by the wellness visitant or diagnosed by the GP for postpartum depression, so consideration can be explored into why some female parents fare better than others in mental good being. Health determiners can be utile to see, Dahlgren and Whitehead ‘s theoretical account ‘Determinants of Health, ‘ can be utile to assist research and construct a profile of a local community. Health results and inequalities can be greatly influenced both positively or negatively by persons and communities. Health can be strongly influenced by the manner people live their lives including the conditions in which they live and work, by household, friends and societal webs, ( Marmote & A ; Wilkinson, 2003 ) . For illustration a societal determiner such as a deficiency of household or community support might exacerbate or negatively impact on a female parent with postpartum depression. However, good support could hold a powerful and positive impact on an person ‘s wellness. Step three of the HNA will now follow. This portion of the procedure will direct the practician to set up a helpful and acceptable intercession. Literature environing postpartum depression appears to concentrate on the effectivity of support groups ( Alakus et al, 2007, Dennis & A ; Chung-Lee, 2006 ) . The Royal College of Psychiatrists, et Al ( 2000 ) compose how support in the prenatal period can cut down the badness of PND. More late, Dennis et Al ( 2004 ) writes that PND can be hard to foretell antenatally and suggests that preventive methods have chiefly proved uneffective. Cox in 1986 wrote how support groups during the postpartum period can be ‘one of the most successful agencies of intervention. ‘ Dennis, et Al, ( 2009 ) writes how support groups are good acknowledged in literature as valuable for cut downing and handling depression. For this wellness needs appraisal, it seems that a pilot postpartum support group would be appropriate. In the country where the wri ter works there is presently no group running to back up female parents with postpartum depression. The complexness of PND and the attention required can be complex, so a whole squad attack will be needed, alternatively of an single 1. This will guarantee the attention needed will be successfully provided. When sing the wellness needs intercession a squad will be required to take it. Ideally the squad would dwell of the wellness visitant, G.P.s, baby's room nurses and a community mental wellness nurse. For the intercession to be successful so the squad will necessitate to hold: a shared vision, an apprehension of each other ‘s functions within the squad, a well-thought-of leader to drive the intercession frontward, a sound action program, flexibleness, and the ability to work collaboratively ( Hill et al, 2007 ) . Collaborative working has been greatly emphasised over the last few old ages in a assortment of paperss and is besides considered an of import function of the SCPHN ( NMC, 2004 ) who works within a community, aboard multidisciplinary bureaus to better wellness and g ood being, this is besides reflected in the last portion of Acheson ‘s definition, ‘ †¦ through the organized attempts of society. ‘ There are frequently barriers that can negatively impact effectual collaborative working such as, deficiency of communicating, clip limitations, differing positions and values and frequently troubles even obtaining a room to run into in, ( Almond & A ; Cowley, 2008 ) . The support group will be a good illustration to show collaborative working between professionals and services utilizations. Once a squad had been brought together, a locale would be decided for the support group. The local certain start kids ‘s Centre would be an ideal locale. Certain start Centres are a authorities enterprise which purpose is to give kids the best possible start in life, ( DOH, 2007 ) . The country the writer works in is a rural location with limited public conveyance. Many of the female parents with PND live in stray parts, so for these female parents, free conveyance will be provided. However, if support at the local kids ‘s Centre is cut this may hold a negative impact on this service being offered for the group or any future groups. Leting the female parents with PND, who live in stray countries, the opportunity to go to the support group can hold a important, positive consequence on their depressive symptoms ( Hunker, et Al, 2009 ) . It will be of import to utilize a locale with child care installations. The certain start Centre has been used for a assortment of groups i n the yesteryear and offers a non-stigmatising locale ; a warm and friendly environment. Mothers identified with postpartum depression will be referred to the group and during a place visit, information will be provided so the female parents can make up one's mind whether they want to come. A telephone call prior to the group will besides be made. Empowering people, leting them to do informed picks and bettering their life accomplishments, which are needed for doing alterations, are all portion of the wellness publicity procedure ( Naidoo & A ; Wills, 2000 ) . Many female parents with PND will be in the contemplation phase described in Prochaska and DiClemente ‘s Stages of Change Model ( 1983 ) , where they are cognizant that there is a job but may non be certain or motivated to do the alterations needed. This theoretical account involves the individual traveling through a series of phases when turn toing debatable behavior. Peoples will go through through different phases at their ain gait. Prochaska and DiClimente ( 1982 ) compose how identifying where a individu al is within the theoretical account will enable the practician to accommodate their intercessions to run into their single demands. This might intend that the wellness visitant offers the female parent listening visits at place ( HCP, 2009 ) until she feels ready to go to the support group. The support group would run over eight hebdomads for one and a half hours and a creche will be provided run by the baby's room nurses. The wellness visitant and community mental wellness nurse will jointly run the group and will be trained suitably. The purpose of the group will be for female parents to derive support from other female parents in similar state of affairss and with similar experiences ( Alakus et al, 2007 ) . The purpose will be for the female parents to experience less down, better their self-esteem, self-worth, addition assurance, make friendly relationships and develop get bying schemes. To assist the female parents achieve this, the hebdomadal support group will offer both instruction and besides a assortment of taster Sessionss. For illustration, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercising, babe massage and holistic therapies. The beginning of the group will let female parents to portion any events of the past hebdomad. Exercise can be an effectual intervention for postpartum depression every bit good as increasing the female parent ‘s sense of good being and can be a offered in the group as a combination of both exercising and relaxation techniques. Two recent clinical tests found that many adult females are loath to utilize medicine for intervention of PND. The survey besides revealed that exercising can relieve depression every bit efficaciously as medicines, ( Daley, et Al, 2007 ) . Research has shown that infant massage in group work can cut down emphasis endocrines, significantly lessen depression symptoms and besides aid female parents to better relationships with their babes ( Heh, et al 2008 ) . For adult females sing PND cognitive behavioral therapy is the intervention of pick ( NICE, 2007 ) . The Sessionss will assist female parents to dispute negative ideas and modify beliefs specifically associating to motherhood. CBT helps people to prosecute in activities and has been shown to cut down symptoms, better a individual ‘s quality of life and better map ( NICE, 2009 ) . Evaluation is an of import portion of a wellness needs appraisal and rating of any intercession needs to be considered, as highlighted in the clinical administration rules ( Adams & A ; Forester, 2002 ) . There are a assortment of assessment methods. To mensurate the effectivity of the group the female parent ‘s original EPDS tonss would be recorded and so they would be asked to make full in another 1 at the terminal of the 8 hebdomads to see if their tonss had improved. Improved EPDS tonss and a decrease in PND could intend that the group could go on to run. Long term effectivity of the group, if it continues, will be seen in the bar or hold of ‘morbidity or mortality, ‘ ( Mitcheson, 2008 ) This may finally take to the decrease of cost for handling people with PND. An effectual manner of measuring the intercession could be through a SWOT appraisal, a technique credited to Humphrey ( 1960-1970s ) . SWOT is a structured method used to place strengths, failings, chanc es and menaces. To reason, it can be seen that by working through the phases of a wellness needs appraisal that the demand for an intercession in the writer ‘s country was clearly identified. The literature reviews provided information to help with the apprehension of PND and the effects it can hold on the female parent, household and babe. There is clearly a demand for a more accurate and consistent manner of placing PND and so entering and utilizing the information. For the group to be effectual, it was identified that good collaborative working was indispensable. As the function of the wellness visitant has changed over the old ages, it is of import to show how they can better wellness and cut down inequalities through successful, choice intercessions. Word count 4, 378.

Frankenstein and How to Read Literature Like a Professor Analysis Essay

In Thomas C. Fosters How to Read Literature like a Professor, Foster expresses how every story has a journey that someone or sometimes multiple people go on specific journeys. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, the novel is based on exactly that, a journey. One journey is Victor Frankenstein’s quest for knowledge. Foster says that â€Å"The real reason for a quest is always self knowledge.† Victor Frankenstein is the perfect example of this; Frankenstein sets out on a journey to gain every drop of knowledge that he can when he attends the University of Ingolstadt. Robert Walton is another example of this. He beings his journey in the same hopes that of Frankenstein to gain every bit of knowledge that he can possibly obtain. Chapter 7: In Fosters seventh chapter he talks about literary references to the bible. Fosters says that by using these biblical references in stories helped people and the writer stand on common ground. This idea is what Mary Shelley did in Frankenstein when Victor Frankenstein had created his monster relating it to the creator vs. creation in when God had created Adam and Eve. Another time a biblical reference was made was when the monster had asked Frankenstein to create a mate for him just how Adam had asked God for a mate for him. â€Å"My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create† (Shelley 159). Chapter 9: Foster explains that in this chapter â€Å"It’s all Greek to Me† that the use of mythology is a way for authors to appeal to the reader if they do not believe in biblical approaches. It is in a way a much easier approach to understanding where the author is coming from. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; she uses a more mythological approach to the relationship between Frankenstein and the monster. In mythology Prometheus created man, so in this case Frankenstein is Prometheus and his monster is his creation; â€Å"I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly bestowed†(Shelley 97).

Labour Economics - 5713 Words

LABOUR ECONOMICS Q2.Define â€Å"Labour Economics†. Explain the nature and scopeof Labour Economics. Explain the characteristics of Labour? Ans: -Labour Economics:- â€Å"Labour Economics may be defined as a study of theorganization, institutions and behavior of the labour market in anindustrising or industrial economy†. According to Dole Yoder:- â€Å"Labour economics or manpower economics is primarilyconcerned with efficient utilization and conservation of manpower and resources. It studies and seeks to understand theprocesses by which manpower is applied and utilized in modernsociety. It is concerned of natural resources in the land†. Scope of Labour Economics:- Labour economics has to deal with may be stated as manpowerplanning, labour†¦show more content†¦How would youdistinguish between ‘Nominal Wages’ and ‘Real Wages’?Explain the factors influencing real wages. Ans: -Wages:- The price paid for the services of labours in production is calledwages. The labourer is generally paid a certain sum of moneyper day or week or month. Beham defined a wage asâ€Å"A sum of money paid under contract by an employer to aworker for services rendered†.However, in economics, payment made for all kinds of services,whether by way of salaries or in any other way is included inwages. Differences between Nominal wages and Real wages:- Nominal Wages:- The amount of money that a labourer gets in exchange of hisservices is called money wages or nominal wages. If a labourergets Rs.200, a day for his work, his money or nominal wages willbe Rs. 200. However, mere money payment does not reflect thereal earnings of the labourer. They do not reveal the standard of living or the goods and services which labourer can buy andconsume. Real Wages:- The amount of goods and services that labourer can get with hisnominal wages is called real wages. Real wages refer to thegoods and services, which the money wages can buy, andadvantages and disadvantages associated with the jobs.Labourer is not so much interested in money wage as they are inreal wages because their standard of living depends on realwages. According to Wicksell, real wages means real income.Real Income= Money income/Price Level Following are the factors or items that areShow MoreRelatedLabour Economics6478 Words   |  26 PagesLABOUR ECONOMICS Q2. Define â€Å"Labour Economics†. Explain the nature and scope of Labour Economics. Explain the characteristics of Labour? Labour Economics:- Ans: - â€Å"Labour Economics may be defined as a study of the organization, institutions and behavior of the labour market in an industrising or industrial economy†. According to Dole Yoder:â€Å"Labour economics or manpower economics is primarily concerned with efficient utilization and conservation of manpower and resources. 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