Frankenstein and How to Read Literature Like a Professor Analysis Essay

In Thomas C. Fosters How to Read Literature like a Professor, Foster expresses how every story has a journey that someone or sometimes multiple people go on specific journeys. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, the novel is based on exactly that, a journey. One journey is Victor Frankenstein’s quest for knowledge. Foster says that â€Å"The real reason for a quest is always self knowledge.† Victor Frankenstein is the perfect example of this; Frankenstein sets out on a journey to gain every drop of knowledge that he can when he attends the University of Ingolstadt. Robert Walton is another example of this. He beings his journey in the same hopes that of Frankenstein to gain every bit of knowledge that he can possibly obtain. Chapter 7: In Fosters seventh chapter he talks about literary references to the bible. Fosters says that by using these biblical references in stories helped people and the writer stand on common ground. This idea is what Mary Shelley did in Frankenstein when Victor Frankenstein had created his monster relating it to the creator vs. creation in when God had created Adam and Eve. Another time a biblical reference was made was when the monster had asked Frankenstein to create a mate for him just how Adam had asked God for a mate for him. â€Å"My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create† (Shelley 159). Chapter 9: Foster explains that in this chapter â€Å"It’s all Greek to Me† that the use of mythology is a way for authors to appeal to the reader if they do not believe in biblical approaches. It is in a way a much easier approach to understanding where the author is coming from. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; she uses a more mythological approach to the relationship between Frankenstein and the monster. In mythology Prometheus created man, so in this case Frankenstein is Prometheus and his monster is his creation; â€Å"I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly bestowed†(Shelley 97).

Labour Economics - 5713 Words

LABOUR ECONOMICS Q2.Define â€Å"Labour Economics†. Explain the nature and scopeof Labour Economics. Explain the characteristics of Labour? Ans: -Labour Economics:- â€Å"Labour Economics may be defined as a study of theorganization, institutions and behavior of the labour market in anindustrising or industrial economy†. According to Dole Yoder:- â€Å"Labour economics or manpower economics is primarilyconcerned with efficient utilization and conservation of manpower and resources. It studies and seeks to understand theprocesses by which manpower is applied and utilized in modernsociety. It is concerned of natural resources in the land†. Scope of Labour Economics:- Labour economics has to deal with may be stated as manpowerplanning, labour†¦show more content†¦How would youdistinguish between ‘Nominal Wages’ and ‘Real Wages’?Explain the factors influencing real wages. Ans: -Wages:- The price paid for the services of labours in production is calledwages. The labourer is generally paid a certain sum of moneyper day or week or month. Beham defined a wage asâ€Å"A sum of money paid under contract by an employer to aworker for services rendered†.However, in economics, payment made for all kinds of services,whether by way of salaries or in any other way is included inwages. Differences between Nominal wages and Real wages:- Nominal Wages:- The amount of money that a labourer gets in exchange of hisservices is called money wages or nominal wages. If a labourergets Rs.200, a day for his work, his money or nominal wages willbe Rs. 200. However, mere money payment does not reflect thereal earnings of the labourer. They do not reveal the standard of living or the goods and services which labourer can buy andconsume. Real Wages:- The amount of goods and services that labourer can get with hisnominal wages is called real wages. Real wages refer to thegoods and services, which the money wages can buy, andadvantages and disadvantages associated with the jobs.Labourer is not so much interested in money wage as they are inreal wages because their standard of living depends on realwages. According to Wicksell, real wages means real income.Real Income= Money income/Price Level Following are the factors or items that areShow MoreRelatedLabour Economics6478 Words   |  26 PagesLABOUR ECONOMICS Q2. Define â€Å"Labour Economics†. Explain the nature and scope of Labour Economics. Explain the characteristics of Labour? Labour Economics:- Ans: - â€Å"Labour Economics may be defined as a study of the organization, institutions and behavior of the labour market in an industrising or industrial economy†. According to Dole Yoder:â€Å"Labour economics or manpower economics is primarily concerned with efficient utilization and conservation of manpower and resources. It studies and seeks toRead MoreLabour Market Dynamics, Unemployment And Economic Growth Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesLABOUR MARKET DYNAMICS, UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN GHANA INTRODUCTION Owing to a GDP rebasing in 2011, Ghana became the fastest growing economy in the world with a GDP growth pinned at 20%, the largest per capita income in West Africa and the 21st in the continent. Ghana joined the league of oil producing countries in December 2010 with 85,000 barrels of crude oil in a day . Fiscal deficit fell from 5.9% of GDP in 2010 to an estimated 4.3% in 2011 due to strong revenue performance . DespiteRead MoreSocio-Economic Inequality in South Africa is Due to the Institutionalised Ideological Mismatch Regarding Labour and Economic Policy1665 Words   |  7 PagesSocio-economic inequality in South Africa is due to the institutionalised ideological mismatch regarding labour and economic policy Economic growth is shaped by policy context and promoted most effectively when it is consistent with either liberal market or co-ordinated market ideal type varieties of Capitalism. Policy inconsistency dampers economic growth post-apartheid South Africa attempted to adopt a social-democratic and co-ordinated variety of Capitalism. This failed due to the adoptionRead MoreWhat Is Economics? What Role Does the Division of Labour Play in Defining This Subject Matter?880 Words   |  4 Pagessubject matter of economics? What role does the â€Å"division of labour† play in defining this subject matter? Quoting Michael Yates, â€Å"The subject matter of economics is the production and distribution of output†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Yates, 2003). So what does this say to me? Simplifying, this says to me that Economics is a way of explaining the world. With studies dating as far back as Aristotle’s interest in the various forms of state, how can one ever fully understand the complexities of economic thought and howRead MoreSweatshops : Positive Deviancy And Global Labour Practices And The Ethical And Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor1675 Words   |  7 PagesDeviancy and Global Labour Practices and The Ethical and Economic Case Against Sweatshop Labor: A Critical Assessment. The former was authored in July 2005 by Denis Arnold and Laura Hartman. The latter was written in September 2011 by Benjamin Powell and Matt Zwolinski. The authors of both works are undeniably qualified and are experts in their respective fields. The credibility of both Beyond Sweatshops: Positive Deviancy and Global Labour Practices and The Ethical and Economic Case Against SweatshopRead MoreChild Labour Is A Socio Economic Problem2333 Words   |  10 Pages CONTENTS PAGE NO CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION TO CHILD LABOUR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3-5 CHAPTER-II OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 RESEARCH DESIGN †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 CHAPTER-III DATA INTERPRETATIONS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10-19 CHAPTER-IV FINDINGS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreWith the recent economic the labour market is in labour shortage status, every industry is600 Words   |  3 Pages With the recent economic the labour market is in labour shortage status, every industry is searching for people to work for their company. A company without employees, the operation is unable to run, as the general said employees are the biggest asset in every company. An employer with a respectable reputation or brand may not be the smartest choice to hire an ex convict, but from a business point of view the finance and workplace benefits are worth the risk to employ the single. InRead MoreAssess the Likely Impact of Uk Government Labour Market Policies on Any Three Macro-Economic Objectives. Refer to the Information and to Your Own Knowledge703 Words   |  3 PagesGovernment labour market policies on any three macro-economic objectives. Refer to the information and to your own knowledge (30) Labour market policies are government programmes that intervene in the labour market to help the unemployed find work. The three macro-economic policies I am going to look at are: full employment, steady sustainable economic growth and low inflation. Full employment is the point in an economy, where everyone who is willing and able to work is in a job. A labour market policyRead MoreLabour Market Need 1234 Words   |  5 Pagesfor these outcomes is a labour market need for migrant workers to fill jobs that indigenous workers reject (Fellini et al., 2007; Massey et al., 1998; Piore, 1979). However, this is not a spontaneous process and it is important to recognize the role played by labour market actors, particularly employers (or their agents) and the state (Bach, 2007; Rodriguez, 2004). Employers engage in active recruitment strategies to attract immigrant workers already in national labour markets or to recruit directlyRead MoreHuman Resource Planning1429 Words   |  6 Pagesexternal to an organization that affect the organization’ performance but are beyond the immediate control of an organization. An external force that influences the management especially HR planning because each organization must draw from the same labour market that supplies all other employers. The impacts of environmental changes on business consider the following: a. Decentralization – transferring responsibilities and decision making authority from a central office to people and locations

Training and Development in Small Businesses Free Essay Example, 1250 words

When training programmes do not mirror the aspirations or requirements of small businesses, which most often is the case, many employers are reluctant to train their employees. There is the fear that employees may leave the organisation after undergoing training without any benefit whatsoever to the firm. Such aspects need to be addressed and the benefits accruing from the training should be spelt out at the outset. Trainer s PerceptionThe trainer should discuss the needs of the business concerned well in advance. He/She should also study the specific requirements of every employee undergoing the training. If diverse skills are required, the expertise of trainers with domain knowledge should be called for. No training can be successful if the initiator is not clear about the requirements of his/her target audience. Trainee s AwarenessIt is advisable to make the employee a stakeholder in the training process. It is the trainee who has deep insights of the activity performed and can p rovide accurate information on the type of training required by him/her. In such a case, he/she feels responsible for the training undergone as the onus of the success of the programme falls equally on him/her. OthersIn some cases, the situation may lapse back to the pre-training period. We will write a custom essay sample on Training and Development in Small Businesses or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Essay about Dwight D Eisenhower - 1267 Words

Dwight’s Early Life Dwight D. Eisenhower was the third son of David and Ida Stover Eisenhower. He was born in 1890 in Denison, Texas, and named David Dwight Eisenhower, although he was known as Dwight David by many. In 1891, the family moved to Abilene, Kansas, where Eisenhower was brought up. He was the third of seven sons. He and his older brothers were all called â€Å"Ike† by their family, Eisenhower was known as â€Å"Little Ike†. In his high school years, he was known to excel in sports due to his active nature. After he graduated, Eisenhower wanted to attend college, but his family could not afford the tuition. Dwight and his brother planned to switch off between work and college every year in order to pay for each other’s tuition and†¦show more content†¦Becoming familiar with these men proved to be an asset in Eisenhower’s military career. Before the entrance of America into World War II, he found himself promoted to the rank of brigadier general. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, General George C. Marshall called him to Washington for a war plans assignment. Eisenhower impressed both the general as well as The President (Theodore Roosevelt) with his well thought out plan to focus on weakening Germany before assaulting the Japanese. Because of this, he was placed in command of the Allied Forces landing in North Africa in November 1942. On D-Day, 1944, he was Supreme Commander of the troops invading France. After heading many decisive victories for the U.S., Eisenhower accepted Germany’s surrender on May 7, 1945. He returned home a national hero. Eisenhower’s Term in Office (1952-1960) After the war, he became President of Columbia University, then left to assume the first position of supreme commander over the new NATO forces being assembled in 1951. In 1952, Eisenhower resigned from the army to campaign in the presidential election that year. Both major parties wanted him to represent them in the presidential race, but in the end, Eisenhower ran for president as a Republican, favoring their conservative values. His prestige as commanding general of the victorious forces in Europe during World War II, no doubt, helped him into office. Becoming theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Dwight D Eisenhower832 Words   |  4 Pages22).Then he and his family moved to a railroad town called Abilene in the state of Kansas. Here Dwight Eisenhower grew upwith his 13 other family members. (Hargrove 19). Dwight David Eisenhower is one of Americas greatest heroes with his military career to his two terms as President of the United States. Dwight Eisenhower had many accomplishments to an d from West Point through World War One. Ike Eisenhower wanted to serve his country in any way he could. He found the idea of being a sailor in the URead MorePresident Dwight D. Eisenhower1049 Words   |  5 Pagesdomineering, communistic state and a placid, democratic country. Infatuated with the idea of dominance, North Vietnam was determined to apprehend a vulnerable South Vietnam. Frightened by how bona fide the domino theory proposed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower was, the United States intervened in 1965 to assist the forlorn county. Together, they toiled diligently to contain the spread of communism through eight brutal years against the well-equipped Viet Cong. Feeble and flooded with casualty ratesRead MoreThe Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower Essays602 Words   |  3 Pages Dwight D. Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890, in Denison, Texas to David and Ida Eisenhower. In 1911, Eisenhower had an appointment in West Point, New York at the United States Military Acad emy. His attendance had no charge. He was a star player on the football team, until his continuous knee injuries required him to quit playing. In 1915, Eisenhower graduated from West Point as a star student, and was appointed as a second lieutenant. Dwight D. Eisenhower was a man of honor and his time asRead MoreDwight D. Eisenhower Research Paper2360 Words   |  10 Pages Speech World War Two Speech There must be no second-class citizens in this country. - President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Dwight D. Eisenhower, General of the Army and the 34th President of the United States, was not only a remarkable soldier, but also a great leader. Bringing to his presidency his reputation as a commanding general of the successful troops in Europe during World War II, Eisenhower secured a truce in Korea and worked endlessly during his two terms to ease the tensions of the ColdRead MoreDwight D. Eisenhower s Speech1426 Words   |  6 PagesDwight D. Eisenhower was one of Americas most influential presidents. He ended his successful public career with a farewell speech outlining the growth of the nation and warnings about the future. Firstly, I will examine the effectiveness of Eisenhower s speech.  Ã‚   I found his speech to be well-written, it held my attention and gave a clear message to protect the future of the nation and its resources. I define a well written speech as one that can keep an audience listening and wanting more. AnRead MoreThe Great Leader: Dwight D. Eisenhower Essay556 Words   |  3 PagesDwight D. Eisenhower was born in Texas in 1890 into a family of seven sons (American Decades). He was a bright man all throughout his life and achieved many goals that would be impossible for any ordinary person. World War II gave him a chance to use his talent for organization to lead the United States to victory (American Decades). He is famously known for his courageous acts during the invasion of North Africa, D-Day, and for his great communication skills. As a child, Eisenhower outshined manyRead MoreDwight D. Eisenhower: A Lifetime of Service Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesDwight D. Eisenhower: A Lifetime of Service Beware the military-industrial complex, warned Dwight Eisenhower in his farewell address to the nation he had served his entire life. Dwight Eisenhower served his country for many years, and his service has greatly impacted this nations history and future. From his service in the military, to his time as president, he has guided the United States through some of its most difficult years. He will always be remembered for his ability to lead. ThisRead MorePresident Truman And President Dwight D. Eisenhower1027 Words   |  5 Pages President Harry Truman and President Dwight D. Eisenhower were each president during the Cold War. Harry Truman became president during the end of World War II in 1945. His final term ended in 1953. Dwight Eisenhower became president in the midst of the Cold war in 1953 and his last term ended on 1961. Truman was Democratic and Eisenhower was Republican. They each had many occasions when their policies had similar intentions, but they went about them d ifferently. Each wanted to end the fightingRead MoreDwight D. Eisenhower: The 34th American President Essay721 Words   |  3 PagesDwight D. Eisenhower was the 34th president of The United States, with his vice president Richard Nixon. Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected into office on January 20, 1953 until January 20, 1961. Dwight D. Eisenhower was a republican president; He was also a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. Dwight D. Eisenhower was born in Texas on October 14, 1890; he was raised in Abilene, Kansas, being the 3rd of 7 otherRead MoreDwight D. Eisenhower and Civil Rights Act Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesProgressive Party Thomas Dewey Korean War Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur HUAC The Hollywood 10 Alger Hiss Whittaker Chambers Richard Nixon J. Edgar Hoover Klaus Fuchs Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Joseph McCarthy Red Scare Adlai Stevenson Dwight D. Eisenhower Sputnik NASA National Defense Education Act John Foster Dulles â€Å"Massive Retaliation† â€Å"Brinkmanship† Shah of Iran Gammel Abdel Nasser Suez Crisis Fidel Castro Hungarian Revolution Nikita Khrushchev U-2 â€Å"Military Industrial Complex

Music Food for the Soul free essay sample

These days people consider music to be food for soul; however, this is not true in all cases. Music has grown into a passion than just leisure. People gather all the accessories such as a duet piano bench or the artist piano bench even before they learn how to play the instrument. Besides, music cannot simply be food for the soul. Intoxication or obsession can rightly define the longing for music. Music can wreak havoc with your soul like the way smoking and drinking destroys your body. These are the things that are unnecessary, but we feel their need in our life. People who think music is food for the soul does not realize how wrong a comparison they are making. Food is a substance that has to be eaten to sustain life and provide energy for the growth of the body. If we judge music on this criterion, then first of all music is no material thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Food for the Soul? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, it cannot be eaten, drunk or taken into the soul, so it fails to fulfill this criterion as well. Music only generates electric signals in our ears that are processed by the brain. The most important part is that food provides energy and promotes growth, whereas music has never been proven to sustain any life or soul. Thus, music fails to fulfill any of the conditions that food does. While comparing music with intoxication, you will realize that it overwhelms the mind or emotion the same way any intoxicant does. In this context, anything that excites our emotions uncontrollably is an intoxicant. Additionally, we also get a craving for music just like an addict has for drugs. No one can deny this fact that music can explode our thoughts and emotions. This proves that music is surely not a food for the soul, but it is rather an intoxication of our souls. We all know that life without food is not possible but a soul can certainly exist without music. There are many people in this world who have never had a taste of music but their lives are just fine like any other individual. Besides, food is a necessity that is required after regular intervals, whereas the desire for music is free from the limitations of time. This will surely remind you of a smoker or an alcoholic who can have the desire for his addiction anytime. Moreover, you will see that a regular listener of music is forbidden from listening to music for one day becomes irritated. He or she will have this sudden urge to listen to music like a smoker gets a yearning to smoke. It is also worth noting that a first time listener will hardly have any interest in the music and may feel bored because he or she has no taste for it just like a first time drinker. There have been some theories stating the benefits of music and claiming it to be food for the soul; however, they still lack some substantial proof. Until then, it is better to keep away from this addiction.

Youth Then Now Essay Example For Students

Youth : Then Now Essay The spirit of youth has changed dramatically since the days ofJoseph Conrad and his story, Youth. Conrad strongly emphasises thedesire and strong will of the young crewmen. Whereas, todays youth donot posses he drive and motivation of their ancestors. All in all, itis clear through the passing time, attitudes have changed. 1 O Youth! The strength of it, the faith of it, the imaginationof it! Conrads example of youth powerfully describes the greatness ofit all. Marlow and the other young crewmen possessed this quality ofyouth and powerfully exemplified it on the treacherous voyage of the Judea. The youth of today, as many feel, do not have the strong characteristics ofpast generations. One hundred years ago, a young man may have gone on adangerous voyage like Marlow, but a young man today leads a more secure,cushioned life. We will write a custom essay on Youth : Then Now specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The changes in attitudes over time may be due to the fact thattodays generations do not have nearly as many hardships as in the past. With all the technology and scientific breakthroughs, have it easy. To conquer a problem in a modern lifestyle today, is to have a steadysource of income. In retrospect, todays youth benefit much greater thanthe youth of the past. Although the youth of the past benefit in the factthat they accomplished thier goals, and have many special memories toreflect on, as Marlow did. 1. Joseph Conrad, Youth, Story and StructureLaurence Perrine (ed) (Toronto, Harcourt Brace, 1966)p. 14BibliographyConrad, JosephYouth Story and Structure. Perrine, Laurence. Toronto. Harcourt, Brace World, Inc. 1966

buy custom Private and Public Schools essay

buy custom Private and Public Schools essay Pre-college schools, colleges and universities have considerably become vibrant in building intellectual capital in the United States economy. Both public and private education institutions have played quite a remarkable role in improving the quality of education in the country. Demand for education in the USA has significantly risen in the recent past, and the results are equally pleasing, though private education institutions have been criticized for hiking school fees (Berends, 313). The American education system is regarded as one of the best in the world, with robust federal financial intervention being the main drive for this advancement. However, it is prudent to state that this venerated education success and academic excellence have not been achieved without adverse costs. The cost of K-12 education among the private and public schools has become a subject of debate in the last few years. This paper assesses the cost, quality and reliability of the private and public K-12 sc hools in the USA. The cost of education in K-12 schools in the USA should be assessed by the extent of tuition fees, scholarships and the financial standards of such schools (Lips). The overall cost of elementary and secondary education in the USA accounts for approximately 4.7% of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP), according to the National Center for Education Statistics (Lips). The public K-12 schools do not charge students for tuition fees, though expenditure on other education aspects accounts for a considerable education cost (Lips). In 2006, the average annual expenditure of a K-12 student was estimated to be $8,310 (Lips). The federal government provides subsidies to the public schools to cover tuition expenses for students. Currently, it is estimated that 90% of K-12 students are enrolled in public schools (Berends, 313). The rest (10%) are enrolled in private K-12 schools. The cost of private K-12 schools is very high, compared to the public subsidized schools (Berends, 313). According to the Council for American Private Education, the average tuition fee for K-12 schooling is $10,075 throughout the levels (Berends, 313). This is a significant amount of tuition fees, which is difficult to afford for middle income families. The National Center for Education Statistics has also estimated that the tuition cost for non-secretarian K-12 school is $16,247 per student (Council for American Private Education). Thus, public K-12 schools are readily affordable for most American families. The high cost of private K-12 tuition is attributed to lack of federal subsidies (Council for American Private Education). Policy making in public K-12 schools depends entirely on state policies (Zemsky 146). Thus, public schools are likely to be governed through improper education strategies than religious and independent schools (Alt and Peter 13). Teachers in private schools have a greater influence on decision-making, which is a desirable boost towards formulation of productive education strategies. The high tuition fees paid by sudents in private K-12 schools does not go into waste, as many pundits like to insinuate (Alt and Peter 13). Academic excellence is stipulated as a priority in virtually all schools; private and public schools. However, the means which these schools attain the academic goals differ significantly (Alt and Peter 13). Public schools have to wait for the government to issue policies and directives for restructuring of education programs, whereas teachers in private schools can effectively create worthwhile education strategies (Alt and Peter 13). Thus, it can be deduced that pri vate schools win on the aspect of decision making and establishment of innovative policies. Despite the lack of federal subsidies towards private K-12 schools, the introduction of state-funded voucher programs, scholarships and merit-based financial aids has helped in covering tuition costs in private schools (Berends, 311). National scholarship schemes such as Jack Kent and Childrens Scholarship Fund (CSF) have immensely helped in cutting down tuition costs in private K-12 schools (Berends, 311). The voucher programs provide financial aid to needy students in the public and private K-12 schools through corporate income tax schemes and tax contribution by parents. However, these need-based financial aid programs have not reduced the tuition fees in private schools in great measures (Berends, 312). Thus, in terms of fee charges, public K-12 schools are better than private schools. Educational attainment for students in private K-12 is higher than in public schools (Council for American Private Education). According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), K-12 students in private schools are more likely to attain their bachelors degree by their middle-20s (Alt and Peter 24). In addition, private K-12 schools have more challenging graduation requirements than public schools (Council for American Private Education). These rigorous requirements serve as a driving force for students in such schools, eventually leading to better performances and higher education attainment levels (Alt and Peter 24). It is also estimated that 8th graders in private K-12 schools are four times more likely to join universities than their colleagues in public schools (Alt and Peter 24). In terms of quality of education, private and public K-12 schools show disparate trends. The subsidized cost of education in public schools has created complacency among students and teachers alike (Lips). According to a 2005 report released by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), most students in 8th grade in public schools cannot demonstrate a literal comprehension of what they have learned (Lips). This is because such students have below basic performances. This massive underperformance in public K-12 schools leads to reduction in the high-school graduation rate. The dropout rate among students in public schools has considerably increased over the last few decades (Lips). The U.S Census Bureau estimates that a full-time worker who without a high-school diploma earns $7400 less than a high-school graduate every year, which is a 29% pay drop (Lips). Dropouts can cost the USs economy more than $ 300 billion, in terms of wages and lost taxes (Lips). Thus, students i n public K-12 schools are at a risk of lacking well-paying jobs, unlike students in private schools. The high tuition fees paid by students in private K-12 schools is worth the quality of education they receive from such schools (Council for American Private Education). NAEP reports that students in private K-12 schools have persistently shown a considerable performance advantage over those who are enrolled in public schools (Lips). This is because private schools have better teacher-student ratios, when compared to public schools. For instance, NAEP has recently reported that students in private K-12 schools score an average of 7 points more than students in public schools in mathematics tests (Council for American Private Education). In 2009, the national mean score for 4th graders in mathematics was 239 points for public schools whereas the mean for private schools was 246 points (Council for American Private Education). For the eighth grade levels, public schools scored a mean score of 282 points, while private schools scored a mean of 296 points (Council for American Private Ed ucation). These statistics show that the quality of education in private schools is better than in public schools. Public K-12 schools lack adequate educational facilities when compared to private schools (Zemsky 148). As such, students at private schools have access to better academic resources than their counterparts in public schools. Generally, private K-12 schools have smaller enrollment rates (10%) than public schools (Alt and Peter 5). Resource allocation in small student populations is more effective than in public schools (Alt and Peter 5). This factor gives an added competitive edge to students in private schools over those enrolled at public schools (Berends, 311) Small-sized classrooms can be more effectively managed when compared to large classes. Reliability in education-related technologies is more generated in private schools, thereby improving performance through establishment of better driven curricula (Zemsky 148). Conclusion Both private and public schools have advantages and disadvantages. Public schools have the obvious advantage of being cheap. Thus, affordability of education is highly possible in such schools, especially for needy students. However, the quality of education offered in public schools is not appropriate. In private schools, high performance and effective policy-making are the main advantages. In addition, resource allocation and smaller teacher-student ratios are also good. However, the high cost of attaining education through the private system is the major drawback for these schools. Nevertheless, advantages for private schools outweigh the disadvantages. Hence, private schools win over public schools in terms of education quality and academic performance. Buy custom Private and Public Schools essay